Nepal Traveller

Mountain Trekking in Nepal

2010-08-13T19:58:00.000-07:00

What is Trekking?
Trekking means to walk in hilly and mountain region by foot.So trekking is defined as a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. It usually takes place on trails in areas of relatively unspoiled wilderness. Trekking is one of the best way to visit different kinds of places and their most spectacular and beautiful scenery,peoples and to know their culture,language,tradition and beliefs.

The great mountain ranges are some of the most beautiful and interesting areas of the world to visit. As they are often not served by roads, they can also be the most remote and difficult places to get to and the only real way to see them is on foot. For some people the trekking may be an end in itself, for others it is a means to enjoy the magnificent panoramas and often the peoples of the mountains with their culture, traditions and religions provide an equal interest to the Scenery.Culture Adventure Trekking is a pioneer adventure trekking company, the leading organizer of tours, trekking holidays & mountaineering, with the widest choice of the destination, style and duration in Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and Sikkim/Darjeeling (India). Whatever your interest and ability, whether you are a hardened mountain enthusiast who wants extended high-altitude trekking, peak climbing, expedition, or an occasional walker who prefers alpine footpaths, valleys and villages, we have something for you.A tours, trekking, mountaineering, rafting and jungle safari and other related holidays should not be exactly that a holiday, not an arduous ordeal – unless, of course, that what you want. In order to help you choose the itinerary that is right for you, we give each of our holidays grade, and supply information on the number of days walking maximum and average altitudes etc, in the trip description. In addition we answer you below holidays with cost and about our services. We hope that you will find this helpful in matching your ability and aspirations to a particular holiday.

Mountain Trekking

Nepal is one of the world's best destination to treks. Trekking in Nepal can be any time but best time to trek in Nepal is October and November because at this time weather is Neither so cold nor so hot, not raining and no cloudy, weather is very much comfortable

Annapurna Trekking

Annapurna region is situated in the middle north Nepal and is defined by kali gandaki river to the west , the Marsyangdi and Dudh Khola valleys to the east, the Pokhara valley to the south and the Himalaya foothills that run along the Nepal-Tibetan border to the north. Annapurna trekking has been wildly recognized as a naturalist's paradise. The upper sub-alpine steppe environment harbors some of the rare snow leopards and blue sheep. Other areas of the region protect bird species such as the multi-coloured Impeyan, kokla, blood pheasant amongst a multitude of other birds, butterflies and insects. Many plants native to Nepal are found in this forest. The conservation area has 100 varieties of orchids and some of the richest temperate rhododendron forest in the world.

Optional Trekking routes in Annapurna area

Annapurna Circuit trek:Annapurna circuit trek gives you an opportunity to explore himalaya experience of your life time. This trek is one of contrasts between the green terraced farmland of the Marshyangdi valley

Min. Altitude	830m/2723ft
Max. Altitude	5416m/17769ft
Age Limit	15-68
Grade	Moderate+fairly streneous*

Annapurna Base camp trek:The "Annapurna Base Camp" trek is dreamt by lots of tourists to touch the Annapurna Himal in beautiful trekking routes in Nepal just north of Pokhara .Annapurna base camp trek is famous for trekkers. The principal peaks of the western portion of the great Annapurna Himal, including Hiunchuli, Annapurna South,Fang
Min. Altitude 910m/2986ft
Max. Altitude 4090m/13418ft
Age Limit 15-68
Grade Moderate**

Ghorepani Poonhill trek:Annapurna Ghorepani Poonhill trek is a colourful short foray into the Annapurna region. The trail winds through patchwork valleys, dense mossy forests and past icy waterfalls .
Min. Altitude 3190m/10367ft
Max. Altitude 5416m/17769ft
Age Limit 15-68
Grade Easy*

Jomson Muktinath trek:Annapurna Jomsom Muktinath trek is situated North of Pokhara, Nepal's spectacular diversity appears at its finest The deep valleys and high mountains encircling the giant Annapurna Himal .

Min. Altitude 910m/2986ft
Max. Altitude 3802m/12356ft
Age Limit 15-68
Grade Moderate**

Everest Trekking

Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. The Everest trek typically starts in Kathmandu with a coach trip to Jiri, followed by a week's trek to Lukla(2850m). From Lukla you walk to the famous sherpa village of Naamche Bazzar and on to the Tengboche Buddhist monastery, with its panaromic view of Mt. Everest(8,848m), Cho Oyu(8152 m), Lhotse(8516 m), Makalu(8463 m), and Ama Dablam(6556 m) .

Langtang trekking including Helambu and Gosaikunda trek

This is a most exciting trek situated North of Kathmandu in the middle of great Himalayan range on the Tibetan border. This region bounds in natural and cultural blending several vegetation, endangered animal species including himalayan red panda, Musk deer, Himalayan black bear and common langur. This site has been identified as the most attracting and alluring holiday destination . Helambu situated north of kathmandu having many scenic village inhabitated by sherpa and tamangs. Gosaikunda , a glacier lake is the most famous lake .

Fact of Helambu trek

Destination Tharepati (3510m.)
Min. Altitude 1360m.
Max. Altitude 3510m.
Group Size Min - 1
Grade Easy
Season Spring & Autumn
Accommodation Lodge or Tented
CampDuration 12
DayEntry Sundarijal
Exit Melamchi Pul

Fact of Gosaikunda trek

Destination Gosainkunda Lake / Lauri Bina La pass (4610 meters)
Min. Altitude 2030meter.
Max. Altitude 4610 meter
Group Size Min - 1
Grade Moderate
Season Spring & Autumn
Accommodation Guesthouse
CampDuration 12
DayEntry Dhunche
Exit Sundarijal

National Parks and Wild Life Reserves

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1.Royal Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve(305 sq km) was until recently a royal hunting domain. It is dominated by sal trees associated with asna, semal, karma, khair and sissoo sub-species, and phanta grasslands. A prime habitat for the swamp deer, wild elephant, tiger, hispid hare, blue bull, leopard, chital, hog deer, and wild boar, along with 200 species of bird. Reptiles include the marsha mugger, Indian python, monitor lizard, cobra, krait and rat snake.

2.Royal National Chitwan Park(932 sq km) is the most popular safari destination. It covers a unique ecosystem in the world, containing the Churia hills, oxbow lakes and flood plains. The park has 50 species of grasses. The 43 species of animals include the endangered one-horned rhino, Royal Bengal tiger, gharial crocodile, gaur, wild elephant, four horned antelope, striped hyena, pangoline, Gangetic dolphin, monitor lizard and pythons.

3.Langtan National park(1,710 sq km) abound in the numerous vegetation types. Oaks, maple, various rhododendrons, chir pine, fir, blue pine, hemlock and spruce are found here. Diverse animals such as the wild dogs, Himalayan red panda, pika, muntjack, musk deer, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan tahr, ghoral, serow, rhesus monkey, and common langur.

4.Rara National Park(106 sq km) has its gem in Rara, Nepal’s biggest lake(10.8 sq km) at 2,990 m! The park ascends from 1,800 to 4,048 m, and abounds in coniferous forests of blue pine, black juniper, west Himalayan spruce, oak, and Himalayan cypress as well as Indian horse-chestnut, walnut, and Himalayan poplar. It is an ideal habitat for musk deer, Himalayan black bear, leopard, ghoral, Himalayan tahr, and wild boar. Snow trout is the only fish found in Rara Lake.

5.Sagarmatha(Everest) National Park(1,148 sq km), which includes the tallest mountain in the world, is listed as World Heritage Site. Geographically young and broken into deep gorges and glacial valleys, the park has vegetation graduating from pine, hemlock, fir, juniper, birch, rhododendrons, scrubs, alpine plants and then to bare rock and snow.

6.Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve(175 sq km). The vegetation here is mainly of grassland, scrub and deciduous forests. The reserve is unique for its wild arna buffaloes. Other mammals are hog deer, wild boar, spotted deer, and blue bull. The species of birds total 280 here, including 20 of ducks, two of ibises, many storks, egrets, herons, and endangered swamp partridges and Bengal floricians. Gharial crocodiles and Gangetic dolphine are found in Koshi River.

7.Royal Bardia National Park(968 sq km) is the largest and most undisturbed wilderness area in the Terai. It is thickly forested by sal trees and is carpeted with grass, savannah and riverine forest. It is a habitat for species like rhinoceros, wild elephant, tiger, swamp deer, black buck, gharial crocodiles and Gangetic dolphine.

8.Shey-Phoksundo National park(3,555 sq km) is the biggest park in Nepal. It is a primal habitat for the snow leopard and the blue sheep; so also for ghoral, Himalayan tahr, serow, leopard, wolf, Himalayan mouse hare, yellow throated marten, langur and rhesus monkeys.

9.Khaptad National Park(255 sq km) represents the flora and fauna of Nepal’s mid-western hills. Dense nigalo bamboo groves and wide varieties of medicinal herbs are also found here. The fauna includes the leopard, Himalayan yellow throated marten, Himalayan black bear, musk deer, ghoral and Himalayan tahr. Danphe, kalij and monal pheasants, chukor partridge, red and yellow billed blue magpie and Himalayan griffin are some of the birds of the area.

10.Parsa Wildlife Reserve(499 sq km) was established as an extension of Royal Chitwan National Park but having its own natural heritage. It encompasses the east-west Churia hills of chir pine, khair, sissoo and silk cotton and drops down to the subtropical monsoon belt of sal forests and sabai grasslands. The reserve supports wild elephant, tiger, leopard, sloth bear, gaur, blue bull, wild dog, sambar, chital, hog deer, barking deer, langur, striped hyena, palm civer and jungle cat.

11.Annapurna Conservation Area Project(7,000 sq km)encompasses both the Annapurna Massif region and the recently opened Mustang. This project area includes middle hills, sub-alpine, alpine and trans-Himalayan dry plateau ecosystems. The project stands for successful participatory natural resource management, combining village development, education, and conservation with the conservation education of trekkers.

12.Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area(2,330 sq km:1,500 sq km National Park, and 830 sq km Conservation Area)extends from sub-tropical forests to high alpine vegetation. The region has 67 species of aromatic and medicinal plants, 25 of Nepal’s 30 varieties of rhododendron, 15 types of oak, and 48 species of primrose. Over 400 species of birds thrive here, including the newly-discovered(in Nepal)spotted wren babbler and the olive ground babbler. Wildlife includes the endangered red panda, musk deer, Himalayan black bear, clouded leopard and the snow leopard too.

13.Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(1,325 sq km) attracts sports hunters for the highly-covered blue sheep and other game animals such as the leopard, ghoral, serow, Himalayan tahr, Himalayan black bear, barking deer, wild boar and so on. It is forested with fir, pine, birch, rhododendron, hemlock, oak, juniper, and spruce. Endangered animals include the musk deer, wolf, red panda, cheer and danphe pheasant.

14.Shivapuri Watershed and Wildlife Reserve(144 sq km) is situated on the hill of Shivapuri to the north of Kathmandu Valley. This is an easily accessible destination for viewing orchids, rhododendrons, pines, utisa trees as well as medicinal and herbal plants. Shivapuri is home to the sloth bear, langur monkey, leopard, barking deer and many species of birds.

Festivals of Nepal

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Dashain is also known as Durga Puja, for it is the worship of Mother goddess Durga. It is Nepal’s longest and most lavishly celebrated Hindu festival. Like Christmas, it is the Holiday when families unite to exchange blessings and gifts, to spread goodwill and to forget feuds and quarrels. Everyone wears new clothes, feasts are spread and businesses and government functions come to a pleasant halt as one and all make festive visits to their relatives homes. Throughout Nepal during two weeks preceding the full moon of September or October, Hindu as well as some Buddhist households celebrate Dashain. In village throughout the kingdom, in homes, streets and temple courtyards of Kathmandu Valley, the great Goddesses Durga is propitiated with elaborated dances and ritual animal sacrifices. For it was Durga, in a monumentous victory, who saved the world from evil forces. In the Ramayan, the great hindu religious epic, righteous King Rama battled Ravana, King of demons. It is said that only when he called upon the Shakti, or female power of Durga, Divine mother of universe, was he able to slay the thousand-headed devil, freeing the world from misery. The gods and goddesses of Hinduisn take many alternate forms. Durga, Divine Proctectress, Wife of Shiva, is represented as a simple holy water pot or in her full powerful form with 18 hands holding 18 weapons. Durga also manifested as the ferocious Kali with protruding tongue and a necklace of skulls; or as Taleju the fearsome protector goddess of Nepal; or as Kumari the gentle virgin Living Goddess. Durga is compassionate when treated to generous offerings of blood and spirits, but she is vengeful of scorned with neglect: thus the fervor with which Hindus celebrate Durga Puja. For each of first nine nights, the narrow lanes surrounding Patan’s Durbar Square pulsate with masked dancers aglitter in jeweled costumes, each personifying one of the eight Mother Earth goddesses, the Asta Matrika. Accompanied by the blue masked deity Bhairab, their bodied quiver uncontrollably under the possession of the goddesses spirits. Close to the midnight, the dancer approach Krishna Mandir temple to dance among blazing torches, blaring horns and chanting priests. Meanwhile families are preparing for Dashain celebration in the home. Floors are scrubbed, walls painted, doorways, windows and ceremonial places decorated in anticipation of visits from Goddess Durga and from distant relatives. People travel for days by foot, bus and airplane to share blessings with their families, for to stay away is to fall into ill favor. Coinciding with this festival, the children of Kathmandu begin to fly kites. The site of the kite in the air is supposed to be the signal for Indra, the God of rain, to stop the monsoon showers as the ripening crops near harvest time. The days of the Dashain festival are thus ensured of remaining bright and sunny. Around town and in the countryside, four long bamboo poles are lashed together like a great tent frame and a swing is suspended from the center. Swinging on the Dashain ping is the delight of the children from dawn to dusk. The first day of the festival is called Ghatasthapana, the installing of the sacred vessel. This day sand and water is carried from the rivers and is neatly spread out on a portion of the family worship room. Barley seeds are sown on this sand-bed and on it or nearby is installed the sacred vessel or kalash, usually made form red clay and filled with holy water from the river. The household patriarch or a visiting priest performs prayers to Durga at an astrologically auspicious moment and the goddesses comes down and alights on the rim of the kalash for “ as long as a mustard seed can balance on the horn of a cow”. After 10 days growing secluded from the light, the yellow seedlings, four to five inches tall, are gathered. A blessing from Durga, the yellow jamara “flower” is worn behind the ear or tied into the hair with other flowers. The seventh day of Dashain is called Fulpati , the Sacred Flower Day and on Asthami, the eighth day of Dashain, orthodox Hindus fast in preparation for Kalratri, the Black Night, when hundred of buffaloes, goats, sheep, chickens, and ducks are sacrificed at Durga temples. Black buffaloes, representing the terrifying demon that the Durga once slew are ritually beheaded. The animals owners take the meat home for family feasts. The tenth day is called Tika Day. On this day Hindus dress in their finest and journey around the Valley to pay honor and receive blessings from elder relatives and superiors. The blessing in the form of large tika- on this occasion a dab of vermilion powder mixed with curd and rice placed on the forehead-assures good health, happiness and prosperity for the coming year. The last day of Dashain, known as Kojagrat Purnima, falls on the full moon. Hindu women begin a month-long fast, many in residence at Pashupatinath. At homes people hold all night vigils gambling or talking, with the belief that those awake at midnight will be blessed by Laxmi, the goddess of prosperity.

Birth Place of Buddha

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Lumbini is the hallowed birth of place of Siddhartha Gautam, the Shakya prince, the eventual Shakyamuni, and the ultimate Buddha- the enlightened one. This nativity site identified by Indian Emperior Ashoka’s commemorative pillar erected over 2,200 years ago and rediscovered in 1896. The main attraction at Lumbini is the sacred Garden that is spread over 8 sq km and possesses all the treasure of the historic area. The Mayadevi temple currently under renovation, is the main attraction for pilgrims and archaeologist alike. This is where we find a bas relief of Mayadevi, the Buddha’s mother, giving birth to him as two Hindu gods, Brahma and Indra shower him with lotus petals and holy water. There is also a sacred stone marked with a “foot imprint” of Emperor Ashoka which had been placed here to mark the exact birthplace. Nearby, to the west of the Mayadevi temple, stands the Ashoka pillar-the oldest monument so far found in Nepal. Lumbini as the place where the Buddha was born in 623 BC. To the south of the pillar we find the sacred pond-Puskarni-where queen Mayadevi had taken bath just before giving birth to the Buddha. The treasury of cultural and archaeological riches scattered around Lumbini evokes the time and aura of the Buddha. Moreover the host of stupas, monasteries, meditation centers and bahals begin constructed in the international Monastery Zone by various countries such as Japan, China, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Srilanka, France and Germany.

Tilaurakot: An important archeological site lying 27 km to the west of Lumbini,Tilaurakot evokes the ancient palace of King Suddhodhan ,Siddhartha Gautam’s father,where the Buddha spent his formative years as a Shakya prince. Scattered foundation of the ancient palace, stupas and monasteries made of Kline-baked bricks and clay mortar are abundant here, the ancestral home of Buddha, and archaeologists to date have discovered 13 successive layers of human habitation dating back to the eighth century BC. The most sacred spot here for Buddhists is the palace’s eastern gate through which the Buddha had departed on his search for enlightenment. A must for archeology and history buffs

Niglihawa: Located to the north east to Tilaurakot, Niglihawa contains some of the most important archaeological treasures dating back to the third century BC. This history place encompasses a quadrangular tank surrounded by the bushes and on its western bank are two broken pieces of another Ashoka Pillar. There is pali language inscription on the pillar in Brahmi script which records Ashoka’s visit to the holy site in the 14th year of his rule in India.

Sargarhawa: To the north-west of Niglihawa is a forest called Sagarhawa. It is the site where ruins of ancient water tanks were excavated in 1895, and this site has been identified by archaeologists as the “Palace of massacre of the Shakya’s”. Aroarakot: Lying to the north-east of Niglihawa, Aroarakot used to be walled fortress in ancient times. Rectangular in shape, this citadel was the Buddha’s natal town. Remains of ancient moat and brick fortifications, which can still be clearly located point to a glorious past. A very interesting trip, takes you to the time of Buddha.

Gotihawa: To the south-west of Tilaurakot is Gotihawa, where we find another Ashoka Pillar. The upper part of the pillar is missing. Next to it a huge stupa with successive rings of wedge-shaped Mauryan bricks. This sacred site is believed to be associated with Kanakmuni Buddha and Krakuchhanda Buddha who came before Gautam Buddha.

People, Culture and Language of Nepal

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In Nepal ethnically cultural groups are diverse and many of them have their own language and customs. However they can be geographically categorized according to their habitats. The Sherpas who are of Tibeto-Burman stock mainly occupy the higher hills of eastern and central Nepal. The Solu Khumbu region, where the world tallest peak Mt. Everest stands, is inhabited by Sherpas. Generally they are Buddhist but some follow the Bon, the pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet, and other religions. The Sherpas are famed for their valor and mountaineering skills and are professionally in many mountain expeditions. Today Sherpas have joined other occupations as well like business administration and politics. A wide variety of ethnic groups occupy the mid hills. The Kirat or Limbus and Rais inhabitant the east. During the 7th century BC, they established a dynasty in the Kathmandu valley and ruled it for 1000 years. They are not originally Hindus and Buddhist but are ancestors worshippers. However today many embrace Hinduism. In former days they are warriors and skilled hunters. The Kirato speaks Tibeto-Burman languages. Many serve in the British Army today and have earned a reputation as the brave Gurkhas.The population of Kathmandu valley consists mostly of Newars. They speak Nepalbhasa and practice Hindusim and Buddhism. Many family celebrate Hindu and Buddhist festivals. Their culture also reflects tantrism and animism. Newars are accomplished in commerce and most enterprises in the heart of the valley are run by them. Historically they are well known for establishing the three artistically beautiful cities of Patan, Bhaktapur and Kathmandu. The inhabitants of the hill flanks surrounding Kathmandu Valley are mostly Tamangs, who make up one of the largest Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups in the kingdom. In the Tibetan language, Tamang means"horse soldier" which gives us an idea about their past occupation. Today they farm and work as semi-skilled and unskilled labourers. The Magars live in the western and central hills of Nepal. They had their own kingdoms until the 18th century and were closely associated with the Hindu Indo-Aryans in the west. Much of their cultural practices have been influenced by Chhetris, and today it difficult to make any difference in the housing, dressing and farming practices of the two. The Magars have been sought after by the british and Indian Armies and a great number serve in the Gurkha regiments. Another ethnic group closely resembling the Magars in many aspects are the Gurungs. They also live in the western and central hills of the country although further to the east. Of Tibeto-Burman stock, the Gurungs have their own distinct language and practice shamanism. The Kha are the Bahuns and Chhetris who formed their own kingdom in the far west. They are Hindu and Nepali which is the country official language, was originally spoken by the khas. Traditionally the Bahuns were priests and are better educated than most ethnic groups. In fact many occupy important government and educational posts in the kingdom today. The Chhetri have traditionally been known as warriors. The Tharus are one of the original ethnic groups to inhabit the Terai. The Majhi, Danuwar, Rajbansi, Darai, Satar and Dhimal also occupy the flat lands. The Tharu have their own unique religion and practice animism. Their culture is especially suited for hot plains. They Mongoloid features and speak their own language.

Religious sites of Nepal

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There are lot of religious sites outside Kathmandu. Some of the famous sites are as follow

Lumbini: Lumbini is the birthplace of Lord Buddha, the apostle of peace, compassion and non-violence. It is situated in the Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone western Terai of Nepal, 250 kilometers southwest of Kathmandu. The broken Ashoken pillar, remnants of an old monastery, and image of Buddha's mother Maya Devi are in Lumbini. It is accessible by air from Kathmandu to Bhairahawa from where one can proceed by car or by other means of transport.

Muktinath: Muktinath is an important place of pilgrimage for Hindus. The famous temple of Lord Muktinath lies in the district of Mustang. This temple is situated on a high mountain range and is visited during the fair weather. During the Janai Purnima and Ram Navami festivals devotees gather there to pay homage to lord Muktinath. Muktinath is situated about 18 km northeast of Jomsom at an altitude of 3,749 meters. There are two ways to get to Muktinath from Kathmandu. The first way is to take a direct flight from Kathmandu to Jomsom and hike for a couple of hours via Kagbeni. The next way to trek all the way from Pokhara which takes about 13 to 15 hours.

Janakpur: This is a great religious place famous as the birthplace of Sita, the consort of Lord Rama and the heroine of a great Hindu epic, the Ramayan. There is an artistic marble of temple of Sita popularly known as Naulakha Mandir which means "built at the cost of Rs 900,00". Religious festivals, pilgrimages, trade fairs and other festivities are held here on Bivaha Panchami and Ram Navami days.

Barahachhetra: A few kilometers from the main city of Biratnagar, on the bank of the Koshi River, lies a holy place of Hindu pilgrimage called Barahachhetra. It is the temple of lord Baraha, the boar incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Historians have traced the existence of this image to the twelfth century.

Gosainkunda: One of the most famous religious places of pilgrimage in Nepal is Gosainkunda. The best approach to Gosainkunda is through Dhunche 132 kilometers northeast of Kathmandu. The religious lake is situated at an altitude of about 4360 meters. Dhunche is linked with Kathmandu by a motorable road surrounded by the high mountain on the north and the south, by higher landscape on the east and west, this kunda(Lake) is grand and picturesque. On the east and west of kunda, there are 9 other famous lakes including the Saraswati Kunda, Bhairav Kunda, Sourya Kunda and Ganesh Kunda.

Places to see inside Valley

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Nyatapole Temple in Bhaktapur, Nepal

The Kathmandu Valley, the political and cultural hub of Nepal is the first stop for the majority of visitors to the country. It has separate kingdom itself, it contains three fabled cities- kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. Each cities is an artistic exposition of graceful temples, elegant palaces, brick-paved courtyards and quaint streets. There are seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Valley. The history of the Valley begins with the Buddhist saint Manjushree who slashed a passage through the surrounding hills to drain out the primordial waters and make it inhabitable. Over the centuries, a refined urban civilization emerged, built on a unique synthesis of Hinduism and Buddhism Dynasties came and went. Trade and the arts flourished. Its deeply-religious Newar inhabitants built fabulous cities and artistic temples that attracted devout pilgrims as well as rampaging invaders.

Places to see at Kathmandu Valley are:

Durbar Square: This complex of palace, courtyards and temples, built between the 12th and 18th centuries, used to be seat of the ancient Malla kings of Kathmandu. The Durbar Square, protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the social religious and urban focal point of the city. There are also three museums inside the palace building.

Swayambhu Stupa watches over the Valley from the top of a hillock on its western side. The huge stupa is one of the holiest Buddhists sites in Nepal and its establishment is linked to the creation of the Kathmandu Valley out of primordial lake. Swayambhu is also known as Samhengu and is listed as World Heritage Site. Balaju consists of a sprawling garden of stone water spouts, religious shrines, fish ponds, and a replica of statue of Budanilkantha. Situated below Nagarjun hill about 3 km northwest of the city center. Balaju is also known for its bank of 22 stone water spouts carved in the shape of sea-dragons.

Budhanilkantha is situated below Shivapuri hill at the northern end of the Valley. It is about 9 km from the city center. The hub of the temple complex is a pond in which lies a great stone figure of the Hindu god Vishnu reclining on the coils of a cosmic serpent.

Boudhanath Stupa lies about 6 km to the east of downtown Kathmandu and is the largest stupa in the Valley. It looms 36 meters high and presents one of the most fascinating specimens of stupa design. Boudhanath, a World Heritage Site is also known as Khasti. Pashupatinath Temple one of the most sacred Hindu shrines in the world, Pashupatinath lies 5 km east of the city center. The richly-ornamented pagoda houses the sacred linga or phallic symbol of Lord Shiva. Devotees can be seen taking ritual dips in the holy Bagmati river flowing beside the temple also a World Heritage Site.
Changu Narayan Temple is situated on a ridge overlooking the Valley about 12 km to the east of the city. It is dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu. One of the finest and oldest specimens of pagoda architecture, the temple is embellished with exquisite wood and stone carvings. Kirtipur is situated on a ridge 10 km southwest of Kathmandu. The ancient Newar township is a natural fortress and has a proud and courageous history. The Chilamchu stupa and the temple of Bagh Bhairav are major sites here.

Patan's Durbar Square like its counterpart in Kathmandu, is an enchanting melange of palace buildings, artistic courtyards and graceful pagoda temples. Listed as a World Heritage Site, the former royal palace complex is the center of Patan's religious and social life, and houses a museum containing an array of bronze statues and religious objects. One remarkable monument here is a 17th-century temple dedicated to Hindu god Krishna, built entirely a stone.
Kwa Bahal is a Buddhist monastery courtyard dating back to the 12th century. It is a five minute walk west and north from the northern end of Durbar Square. The monastery building is embellished with exceptionally fine wood carvings and repousse work. Artistic image are scattered around the courtyard and devotees can be seen offering worship at many shrines here.
Mahaboudha can be reached by walking east from the southern end of Durbar Square and then turning right at the sunken water taps. This Buddhist monument is an excellent example of terra cotta artform which points to skill of Patan's ancient craftsmen with variety of buildings styles.

Uku Bahal is situated a few steps past Mahaboudha and is one of the best known Buddhist places of worship in Patan. The stone paved courtyard is enclosed by a two story building with glided roofs. The wood carvings on the roof struts are especially attractive. The place is peppered with sacred images and other small shrines. The Central Zoo in Jawalakhel is a pleasant diversion after a tour of the cultural sights. It contains about 106 species of birds and over 665 different animals. There is also a pond where you can go boating. Open daily except Monday from 10 am to 4 pm.

Bhaktapur Durbar Square. As you walk in, you cannot but be overcome by feeling of inner harmony. Such is the art and architecture and the spatial layout here. The 15th-century Palace of 55 Windows, situated to the left as you enter through the city gate, inspires admiration. The National Art Gallery is also housed inside. The entrance to the palace, the Golden Gate, is a masterpiece in repousse art.

Taumadi Square lies to the east of Durbar Square reached by a narrow brick-paved lane. The towering five-roofed Nyatapol temple presides over the square. The stairway leading up to the temple is flanked by stone figures of deities and mythical beasts, each 10 times more powerful than the one immediately below.

Dattatreya Square takes its name from the Dattatreya temple dedicated to a three headed combination of the Hindu Deities Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The Square is famed for its many ornate Hindu monasteries known as Math. The 15th-century Pujari Math is the most famous among the nine here and the building is decorated with the finest wood carvings, including the celebrated Peacock Window. The National Wood working Museum is also housed here and the Brass and Bronze Museum is across the street.

The Hindu god Shiva and goddess Parvati watch over the people of Kathmandu, Nepal

Religion of Nepal

2010-06-26T23:03:00.000-07:00

Welcome to Nepal

In Nepal religion is not just belief-it is performance.Festivals are the great performances-cast of thousands magnificent chariots, masked dancers, lights and flowers and red tika powder. Household pujas are the small, personal performances-communion with god and goddesses at the family shrine in the kitchen or prayer room. Deities and minors spirits dwell everywhere, influencing and enriching the lives of all Nepalese.The god and goddess bring the people protection from misfortune, luck and prosperity, and inspiration in marriage. In return, the deities are given offerings and prayers of devotion and love. Most deities delight in flower, light, rice and vermilion powder of dozen shades of red. Some like liquor, some like blood, and almost all like music, dance and excursions around town in their chariots. There are thousands of deities in Kathmandu; it is like living in an invisible city. There are deities of different ages, classes, history and power: pesky minor spirits, unfortunate souls living as demons, powerful valley gods and the great deities of Hindu and Buddhist traditions. All are present and their presence informs the rich, complex culture of Nepal. Every morning, women or children walk out to a shrine in their neighbourhood. Perhaps the image within a clan god or perhaps the Ganesh, who will bring luck for the coming day. The worshipper carry a small pot of water and tray of offerings: flower, red tika powder, rice and wick lamp. A paste of the red powder is put on the god's forehead, the eyes of wisdom. And this tika is returned to the people, blessed with the power of deity, as they stop by the shrine during the day to put a spot of the god's tika on their own foreheads. In Nepal each home has its own group of gods and goddesses, according to the tradition, needs and inclination of the family: often Laxmi for prosperity or the divine couples Shiva and Parbati or Krishna and Radha for conjugal happiness. If the child is ill, the family may go to the temple of Sitala Ajima, the goddess of childhood diseases, on Swayambhunath hill. Each morning, the Tibetan Buddhist offers seven bowls of water at the family altar, abstract offerings of light, incense, music and other delights for the lamas, the Buddha and Budhisattvas, and the Dharma itself. Every corner of society is penetrated by the religion of small spirits. Iron pegs are pounded into the threshold of a shop to keep malicious spirits away. Pictures of Nag are pasted over the doors. Rituals must be performed before a house is built to propitiate the Nags who is living in the ground beneath. Religion knits the society with many small rituals of family unity. On Bhai Tika, during the festival of Tihar, brothers sit before their sisters to receive a multicolored tika of devotion. On Matatirtha, people go to " look upon their mother's face" reflected in a sacred pond. At Dashain, Tihar and many other festival times, everyone visits every extended family member within reach. Two forms of religion predominate in Nepal. Multifaceted Hinduism-the state religion-is the largest and most visible. There are two forms of Buddhism:Tibetan Vajrayana, the old Buddhist religion of the Valley, perhaps in part a remnant of the North Indian Buddhism which thrived before Muslim crusades. Within Nepal's multiplicity of caste and ethnic groups, there are hundreds of different religious practices and thousands of gods are worshipped by almost everyone. The white Lord of Compassion is Seto Machhendranath to Hindus and Newar Buddhists and Chenrezig to Tibetan Buddhists;lovely Saraswati, Hindu goddess of learning, is Buddhist Manjusri, the young god of wisdom holding a flaming sword. And everyone knows there's a Nag, or snake-god in every little pond

Adventure of Nepal

2010-06-26T22:57:00.000-07:00

If the Kathmandu is the hub of Nepal then Pokhara is the adventure.An enchanting city nestled in a tranquil valley, it is the starting point for many of Nepal's most popular trekking and rafting destinations.
Pokhara is a place remarkable natural beauty. The serenity of Phewa Lake and the magnificence of the fish-tailed summit of Machhapuchhre rising behind it create an ambiance of peace and magic. The valley surrounding Pokhara is home to thick forests, gushing rivers, emerald lakes and of course the world famous views of the Himalya. Pokhara is part of a once vibrant trade route extending between India and Tibet. This is the land of Magars and Gurungs, hardworking farmers and valorous warriors who have earned worldwide fame as Gurkha soldiers. Clearly the most stunning of Pokhara's sight is the spectacular panorama of the Annapurna range which forms its backdrop.Stretching from the east to west, the Annapurna massif includes Annapurna I to IV and Annapurna South.Boastfully levitating in the skyline, the fish-tailed pinnacle is the archetypal snow-capped needle pointed mountain Phewa lake is the second largest lake in the kingdom roughly measuring 1.5 by 4 km, is the center of all attractions in Pokhara.Here one can sail or row a hired boat across to the water to visit the island temple in its middle. Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake are located about 15 km from Pokhara at the end of the road that turns north from highway to the Kathmandu. Divided by a forested hillock called Panchabhaiya Danda, the lake offer the perfect nature retreat because of their relative seclusion. Splendid boating and fishing opportunities can be had here. Barahi temple is the most important religious monument in Pokhara. Built almost in the middle of Phewa Lake, this two-storied pagoda is dedicated to the boar manifestation of Ajima, the protectress deity representing the female force shakti(power). Devotees can be seen especially on saturdays, carrying male animals and fowl across the lake to be sacrificed to the deity. Seti Gandaki is the Pokhara's natural wonders that unfailingly interests visitors. Flowing right through the city, the boisterous river runs completely underground at places. Its depth is quite beyond the imagination over 20 meters! Mahendra Pul, a small bridge near the old Mission Hospital, provides a perfect view of the river's dreadful rush and the deep gorge made by its powerful flow. Devi's Fall is an awesome waterfall lying about 2 km south west of Pokhara airport on the highway to Tansen. Legend has it that a trekker was washed away by the Pardi Khola and mysteriously disappeared down into an underground passage beneath the fall. Mahendra Gupha. Another of nature's wonders in Pokhara is the Mahendra Gupha. This large limestone cave is locally known as the House of Bats. The adventure sports in pokhara are especially boating and power gliding. Boating. Pokhara's diverse natural wonders make it an excellent setting for adventure sports. Sailing or paddle boating on Phewa Lake's emerald expanse is something no visitors to Pokhara would like to miss. Power Gliding is the latest in the roster of adventure thrills in Pokhara. Avia Club Nepal will take you up in a delta wing ultra light aircraft to give you a bird's-eye view of Pokhara's emerald lakes, green fields and deep gorges.

Travelling in Nepal

2010-06-23T21:51:00.000-07:00

A favored season for Travelling in Nepal begins in Autumn. Visitors can relax and unwind in the soothing autumn sun to relieve physically and mentally from their routine affairs.Travelling can be a positive force in a world full of conflict and crisis. It can promote peace and understanding. Visitors should know about the Nepalese Superstitions, tradition, and beliefs because this is a part of responsible travel under which a visitor is aware of and takes into account the effects of his or her actions on the host's culture and sensitivities. There are basically two ways to travel in Nepal:"inclusively," that is,going through a trekking agency,hiring a guide,cook, and porters who setup camp and cook for you along the way; or going independently, staying in trekkers' lodges or peoples homes commonly called " tea house trekking".Wherever you trek you have to take enough warm clothes and adequate sleeping bags.One night at 3,000 m without enough warmth can spoil your entire trek. You have to take care more about your health . First two weeks you may experience some digestive disorder, but once it's over, a little care should prevent anything more serious. You have to drink boil water or properly treated with iodine. Make sure your medical kit has plenty of band aids and sterile dressing as well as antiseptic creams for minor scrapes and cuts. You would love to explore Nepal on foot but you are wondering whether the kids would.Could they handle walking all day up and down hills?Is it safe?Will they and you enjoy it?
With a little preparation and good sense,there is no reason why a trek with children should not be even more enjoyable than one without them.Villagers will be curious and friendly, and the experience will open your whole family's eyes to a world devoid of electricity, TV, radio, hot and cold running water, and wheeled transportation.
Many visitors are opting for a grand combination holiday of trekking, rafting, and jungle safari. Travel, trekking, or rafting agents can put together such a package, ushering you from trail to rubber raft to the back of an elephant with all logistics taken out of your hands.
Rafting routes and prices vary from agent to agent. Special group trips and rates can be arranged: the larger the group the cheaper the rate. Rafters camp and dine trekking style, drifting off to sleep to the sounds of the night-time river-life.Time is allotted on longer trips for exploring nearby hills and canyons. Kids seem to love life on the river. And all safety precautions are taken-life jackets are worn at all times while on the river to assure a thrilling and memorable trip.
Kathmandu's accessibility to several runnable rivers makes trips of one to eighteen days possible. The most popular runs are
1) the Sunkosi or river of gold, just east of kathmandu
2) the Arun, in the far east, perhaps the toughest for rafting
3) the Trishuli, which joins the Gandaki and reaches Narayanghat in the Terai.
4) the Marsyangdi, Seti, and Kali Gandaki rivers, which also reach the Terai and Chitwan Park

Introduction Of Nepal

2010-05-11T01:34:00.000-07:00

Historical View of Kathmandu

Nepal is not so large in size but Nepal is the land of full of diversity. You will find compacted within its small area a roster of the highest mountains, varieties of culture and exquisite temples, thick tropical jungles, wildlife, thundering rivers, high himalaya etc. According to history the kingdom of Nepal was divided into many principalities. Kirat ruled in the east, the Newars in the valley, while Gurungs and Magars occupied the mid-west. Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha, conquered Kathmandu and united Nepal into one kingdom. According to geographical view the kingdom of Nepal covers an area of 147,181 square kilometers, and stretches 145-241 km north to south and 850 km west to east. The country is land locked between India in the south, east and west and China in the south. Nepal is topographically divided into three regions: the himalaya to the north, the hills consisting of the Mahabharat range and the churia hills, and Terai to the south. The highest point is Mt.Everest(8848m) in the north and lowest point(70 meters above sea level) is located at kechana kalan of Jhapa District. Altitude increases as you travel south to the north. To the north temperatures are below -40 degrees celsius and in the terai temperatures rise to 40 degrees celsius in the summer.

The Himalaya: The himalaya range makes up the northern border of the country and represents 16% of the total land area of Nepal. Peaks like Mt. Everest(8848 m), Kanchenjunga(8598 m), and Dhaulagiri(8137 m) are found here.Besides this most beautiful animal and plant life are also found here.

The Hills: This region covers 65% of the total land area of the country. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal is located here. The winter season in this region is very cold reaching temperatures -1 degrees celsius. The eastern hilly region receive more rainfall while western region do not receive much rainfall are dependent upon the melted snow that flow down the himalaya. Wild life to be found here are the spotted leopard, barking deer, and himalayan black bear. The people in this region have gained from the growth in the tourism industry.

Terai: The Terai covers 17% of the total land area of Nepal. It provides excellent farming land. Sub-tropical forest areas, marshes, and wildlife which include the Royal Bengal tiger, one horned rhino, and the Ghariyal crocodile are found here.

Min. Altitude	910m/2986ft
Max. Altitude	4090m/13418ft
Age Limit	15-68
Grade	Moderate**

Min. Altitude	3190m/10367ft
Max. Altitude	5416m/17769ft
Age Limit	15-68
Grade	Easy*

Destination	Tharepati (3510m.)
Min. Altitude	1360m.
Max. Altitude	3510m.
Group Size	Min - 1
Grade	Easy
Season	Spring & Autumn
Accommodation	Lodge or Tented
CampDuration	12
DayEntry	Sundarijal
Exit	Melamchi Pul

Destination	Gosainkunda Lake / Lauri Bina La pass (4610 meters)
Min. Altitude	2030meter.
Max. Altitude	4610 meter
Group Size	Min - 1
Grade	Moderate
Season	Spring & Autumn
Accommodation	Guesthouse
CampDuration	12
DayEntry	Dhunche
Exit	Sundarijal